3.8 Be wary of the word ‘including’, and variants thereof
Here are three examples of clear use of the word ‘including’, all from the same research paper (van Dam E at al Cell Metabolism 2020 Sugar-Induced Obesity and Insulin Resistance Are Uncoupled from Shortened Survival in Drosophila).
Multiple factors contribute to uric acid stone formation, including uric acid concentration and pH.
In the above example you can clearly understand that uric acid concentration and pH are just two of a larger number of factors that contribute to uric acid stone formation.
Several human disorders are directly caused by uric acid accumulation, including gout (a form of inflammatory arthritis due to uric acid crystal deposition in the joints) and kidney stones.
This is another example of clear use of the word ‘including’, because you can see that gout and kidney stones are just two of a larger number of human disorders directly caused by uric acid accumulation.
For our statistical analysis, we considered vegetables (including potatoes and pulses), milk and dairy products, cereals and products thereof, meat, fish, eggs, and sweets as separate main groups.
In this third example, you can clearly understand that potatoes and pulses were only two of a larger number of vegetables that the Authors considered in their statistical analysis.