3.1 Master Technique F1 (Say what you’re gonna say before you say it)
While it’s common to apply Technique F1 by writing the first sentence of a paragraph in a way that sums up the whole paragraph (e.g. in the Discussion or Introduction sections of research papers), it’s not the only way.
Another way to apply Technique F1 in research papers is to write headings or sub-headings that encapsulate the meaning of the ensuing section or sub-section. This is commonly seen in the Materials / Methods and Results sections of research papers. Below is an example.
A High-Sucrose Diet Is Associated with Tubule Dysfunction from Dysregulation of Purine Catabolism Causing Kidney Stones
In view of the water imbalance, we next assessed the function of the Malpighian tubules, the fly equivalent of the kidney (Figure 5A), which are vital organs for excretion, osmoregulation, and water homeostasis. To investigate the effects of a high-sugar diet on renal physiology, we first examined tubule morphology by light microscopy (Figure S5A). Flies fed the 20%S – H2O diet exhibited a strongly darkened tubule phenotype, which was fully rescued by water supplementation (Figures 5B and 5C). These dark deposits were intraluminal concretions suggestive of uric acid accumulation. Therefore, we assayed uric acid content biochemically from whole flies (Figure 5D) and dissected tubules (Figure S5B), which was significantly elevated on the 20%S diet (∼2- and ∼4-fold, respectively) and again fully restored to the 5%S control baseline by water supplementation. In addition to the high-sucrose diet, excess d-glucose or d-fructose also led to the development of tubule stones, which were rescued by water (Figure S5C). We hypothesized that dietary sugars provided precursors for purine biosynthesis fueling the increased levels of uric acid, a waste product derived from purine catabolism (Figure 5E).
van Dam E et al Cell Metabolism 2020 Sugar-Induced Obesity and Insulin Resistance Are Uncoupled from Shortened Survival in Drosophila
Photo by Uwe Conrad on Unsplash
The more information the heading or sub-heading provides about the meaning of the subsequent section or sub-heading (as in the above example, where the sub-heading is a conclusion), the easier it is to understand the text when you read it.